Editor's note: The writer is a coming out from the rural areas of Shanghai people, also known as Xiao Sanlang. This is the 2009 Spring Festival period, see and hear the Sketches of their hometowns. Style is narrative, in fact, can be seen as sociological survey. style real, natural and peaceful. Links this article, the article reflects on the one hand want the real rural issues, access to social attention, on the other hand hope that our students of undergraduate and graduate students are able to learn to write similar articles in future . living on the side. to observe and report on the life around you, both law students with the necessary training, but also contributions to the community.
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rural issues as a problem has existed for more than ten years, whether it is academic How to make a number of academic scholars and experts analysis (research paper on rural issues, from sociology to communications, flooded sections of publications) and the amazing high of (such as rural land privatization, etc.), or some government policies initiatives, but will seem a far cry from rural real. on the number of poor relatives, Connaught large wing national government also has a few run-down of the distant, of course, the dress is only human, and not caring.
Spirit of the Olympics and the farmers ware? financial crisis, the stock market downturn in the property market looks like trouble the City in a panic, while in rural areas, everything does not seem to happen. This is also gambling gambling, the woman playing a woman hh
also continue to play a few years ago, When I looked, and is not out in his monograph, there is no fire when, in the rural people, I think this book, from the rural areas is still very far from true. Of course, if that is the two rural areas of the line of fame with this subject matter, there am alleged suspect. But I can also be very straight white, said that many of the contents of this book is just common sense. In rural areas, we all know, but that common sense, many people do not know about it, so has become a text do not argue with you.
Well, then, it will gradually write home to some of the knowledge of this New Year, also hope to outline a real rural areas. For a city like Shanghai to learn and work people, not only a roots journey, but also a tragic return, it is entered from the pre-modern post-modern, from the Middle Ages into the 21st century, life like, there is anger, there is sadness, there is sadness, there is no choice and so forth.
one has to start early early
talk about this matter, which is the most I am shocked and sad thing, of course, you can also say that this is the ignorance of farmers is the backwardness of rural areas. But no matter what kind of words, these things really happened in the rural areas.
According to China's marriage law, the legal minimum age for marriage is 22 years old male and female 20 years of age.
but in our village, A boy born in 1991, ready to get married in the first month (the boy is the Internet met another girl in our county, the girl's age I do not know, once home, the day was cold, scarves wrapped around their with a straight face, did not see the specific age, but I think, should not, because we there, married a woman less than men's large), when I heard the news, quite shocked, of course, shocked Also, this woman, also played a winter tire (which is also reflected in rural areas the lack of knowledge of contraception for young people)
After going back, find out a bit, in our village and several villages around , married under the age of 20 generally. rarely more than 20 years of age are not married, in addition to outside reading out. Otherwise, if over the age of marriage, which means that choice is small, or difficult to find the object of the.
One day, I met the boy said earlier (in my school days, he was just a small P child, and my impression has always been), I asked the, licensing of marriage yet? he said no, I said, you did not receive permits to get married ah. He said: no harm. I asked: how do children after that? He said: time to say the pictures.
the so-called time to say, that is, dinners or spend money to modify age, go through a marriage certificate, or how the children do Zhunsheng Zheng and accounts?
Another day, and our brigade secretary of the village to drink a table, I asked him in rural areas early marriage thing, he said it was common not only in our village, in our county, and even a few counties are like next door. For this kind of thing, he can not control.
child marriage work after years of absence, looking for can not find people, see one. When you were 20 married 19 I got married, you were 19, married, and I got married 18. Basically there is no marriage license, and the parents, early marriage, the children completed the task will be completed as soon as possible, but also avoid working in the outside astray.
our village a girl, aged 19 years to look at the end of the year when the home office of the marriage. The child has a few months old. and men are working outside understanding.
marriage certificate can not prove the marriage, only to do a banquet in the village after the marriage is.
because the phenomenon of early marriage, go back after their parents every day, forced me to get married. According to their words, because I still have not married in the village, they looked down on by others, could not lift their heads, to be laughed at. This also is understandable, why have this phenomenon of early marriage.
The above was said to be account of the background, our village, a county in the northeast of Anhui, a very ordinary village, like many of the villages on the land the same. more than a thousand people or so, all is a surname, there are four room system, a bit like the rule of law were Rural per capita of about 4 acres of land, in addition to the income of the fields outside the village of the young labor force working outside year round. In addition, it is frankly speaking, not the poor villagers living in our village the past few years to put up of several two-story (usually in the 15 million cost), was also bought a leased vehicle (6 million or so) and, of course, the village people are very poor.
Second, early motherhood and childbearing
a good understanding of early childbearing, as mentioned above, early marriage. In rural areas, generally within a year after getting married children, and if not to have children within a year, and will be ridiculed and discriminated against. (we the village of a couple, married more than four years, no children, the men would often beat a woman, but said that woman had gone to hospital for examination and found no problems, and life and death of men do not want to check)
those girls in rural areas can be said that there is no youth, marriage, birth, soon to become old. just the woman in his early 20s, aging to the same as four years old.
heard a woman Murakami , aged just 20,08 married in the spring, winter, had a miscarriage.
in rural areas has always been very soon after a child marriage, childbearing is a very strange phenomenon, according to state law, looks like first child is a boy, and does not allow a second child. But in recent years, the first child is a boy, and had had a ligation of the women have to re-surgery, and renewable one.
next village, women, this year has been 40, the son of 94 years old, and this year has been on the third day of the. Last year, gave birth to a boy, saw the home, only 1 year old.
90's grasp, when family planning, rural women ligation should be forced to go, I always thought that ligation is a very inhumane thing. But think about it, there is no other way, or how to control fertility? you can not expect farmers to use condoms, to count the rhythm, to eat birth control medicine.
can now, these women had ligation, and all close to 40 years of age, and have to re-surgery, another baby.
father said, birth. a woman and a man, but her daughter died of illness three years ago, (then go home, I used to pass by her grave, only fifteen-year-old when he died the way), only one boy at home , then went to surgery, and now pregnant.
be her age? I did not ask, but according to my guess, should be above the age of 45.
This is rural, rural real , 45-year-old woman and 18-year-old woman, pregnant to be produced together. This is the new countryside, with online dating, with unmarried children, with older mothers, can be said that integration of the city.
in the village The side wall of the house, was shocked to paint the characters with the line of the fight against AIDS (forget the specific content of the slogan).
three deaths
back every New Year, I will ask my father, this year, the village death whom. The whole village is in the old, the village people that I knew a long time to stay in my memories of people, will know in a day that I die not. Of course, I would like them die. cemetery, I have chosen well, including my parents, and my own. all will be buried in the piece is now full of green wheat fields.
and I do not care, this year, there What new life in the village fell, because they are not my business. at least nothing to do with my memory,
08 years, we have three people in the village died, a woman and two men. In addition to that woman, because fortuitous event, a family from our village, newly built two small upstairs fall, fell to his death outside the (injured her head, died in his death), I would like to say that the two dead men. < br> Two men die when they are only 60 or so, a 59, a 60 in sight. are to be checked out because of the sudden had terminal cancer. Then, after less than six months stayed and died. are dying before they to do farm work in the village are very powerful, of course, there is no cure for them, and will not think of checking the body, like nature, animals, live quietly, quietly waiting for a sudden attack of disease.
In rural areas, often hear such a well defined death.
08 died in these two men, that their early 60s, I am not very familiar with, put aside. and this 59-year-old man, is the need to say it. according to seniority, is the father of my grandfather generation.
He has two brothers, he is the boss, the family had a mill grinding sesame oil, sesame oil, his family, Shiji Li are well known in the near and far (the kind of hand-made, fried sesame, with stone grinding out, and then for a pound of sesame oil, sesame samgun).
young because of the poor did not marry the daughter, and later in the 80's, bought a woman in Yunnan, and later, for after his birth to a daughter , ran. After that, he has been raising her daughter, single life.
his brother, married with a wife, two children, however, when I read of a junior high school one summer afternoon, in the Liang own head hanging suicide, and said that when he died, wearing a white dress, do their own hands.
after the death of his brother, who wanted to bring together Murakami and his younger brother's wife to form a family, but Because of the age difference between the larger, younger brother's wife did not agree, then, recruited younger brother's wife and a man door.
Today, he also died, died of stomach cancer. summer is checked out, New Year's Day when the dead.
for the time being not to describe these events Murakami, after all, in the face of death, all text is frivolous. (the first two days of that year, our village within one year, three young women, drink some pesticide and committed suicide. happens is that their grave, respectively, in the three directions in the village, a time panic, saying that the remaining direction, will be one more)
years ago, one afternoon, I went to walk the fields, see afar a Xinfen, there are even a few wreaths. came home, and quickly asked his father, whose grave it is.
do not know, go back next year, the field outside the village several more graves will come. < br> Speaking of deaths, by the way mention about the issue of cremation. cremated before the government imposed, which makes, in our factory to close down the county after the cremation plant actually survived, said efficiency is not bad. three days of the summer, once As her family, been there once.
However, due to the custom in rural areas, although after the cremation, still use the coffin, urn speaking into the inside, and then funeral, Shimoji.
afterwards, and there arises the transmission of the disease, as long as the money (said to be several thousand, and of course how much the amount, it also depends on whether someone), you can not cremated, cremation plant takes the money and then will issue a certificate. (check can not find out, unless open coffin, this is very dangerous, very easily lead to clash with police)
course, if powerful, can not pay do not openly cremated the body, direct burial.
few years before, but also so much noise to set a single cemetery in the village, placed the casket, but later dropped. Now, basically buried in their own field. become a field dotted with villages. difference is no longer as the grave mound piled high.
cremation, which was originally to save farming, it now appears, at least in our county, has become a form of trading power for money even a gray area.
not even dead, the money earned < br> Fourth, education
According to official sources said that the current college students, the proportion of students in rural areas declined.
years ago to attend a wedding banquet with my table basically is a rural primary schools teacher. aged about in 40m50, I totally do not know, drinking and began to chat.
one table, took out a cell phone, I aim a bit, LG's an estimated price of just a few hundred dollars or so. Another man asked: Director Liu, this is also where the new phone come out? who called to say that so and so sent to Director Liu, the principal one, he was one, there is also a director of logistics.
that asked words, when a smile exclaimed: corruption, ah, the party is for you to destroy, it seems I have to back out.
then people continue to drink and talk and I listened in the quiet side.
A middle-aged teacher, had just had surgery (presumably, it is estimated that a class of hemorrhoids), said he drank a few days ago, only stood and said, . I have some high school, and later read a teachers college, very few go back to the teachers, most of them go to work. Of course, no relationship is difficult in rural areas into these schools.
then I let go and they drink brazenly said some of vulgar words, and finally I am drunk.
Although the implementation of the nine-year compulsory education in rural areas, but basically, these are empty words. a large number of rural children drop out of school or junior high school graduates to stay up go out to work.
under a neighbor next door a little girl, born in 94, primary school did not graduate, have not grown into the body, working away from home has been a year. spring to tea, and later went to the Nantong a family factory, do luggage, food, accommodation, 500 yuan a month, never on Saturday and Sunday, beginning every morning at 7 o'clock Zuohuo, I asked her when the end of the night, she said not necessarily. Sometimes all went to 10 more. and she and two together about the little girl, she went after the resumption of wheat finished, the big six earned 2900 dollars back home.
2900 dollars, a 15-year-old girl hard six months of income. In my talk with her, she was not a complaint, maybe this is the so-called life from me. They are the children accept their fate, obedient child.
she was 15 years old, her hair pulled straight, a little shadow of the city, just the hands, rough like old people. are wound and cocoon.
15 years of age, the so-called rainy season of the years, the so-called youth, but for them it ?
first month, ninth day, she wants back in Nantong, and I gave her the phone number, so that whatever happens she can call me.
in rural areas, often the popular phrase do not read are the same, anyway, are working 78 years since the reopening, obtain the first key universities, the first graduate of the person. may make such a promise large villages, ten years, counted myself included, admitted to the University (undergraduate) and only then just three . (say this, not proud, but sad, as Lu Xun said, to see a bunch of sleeping in the iron house, like those people did not wake up)
fear most is that people back home asked me if I pay How much, because in their view, I was in Shanghai (Shanghai for them to become a cultural imagination, a big city paved with gold) to read the so-called graduate students, and after graduation, at least have the million salary, but also someone will give you a good house divided.
if hearing the news, I do not so much, they will say, I see no use reading also, XX never graduated from junior high school to work outside, are several thousand a month.
For these, I can argue what?
rate of college entrance examination in our county at the end, it is difficult to imagine the worst estimate is a county of Anhui Province. the county's population is 80 million, in 2008 only 7 of the college entrance examination thousand people (including a large number of repeat students included), admitted to the undergraduate (three or more) before more than 1,500 people, including a large number of the three. where the majority of repeat students (I graduated from high school in 2000, I have been reviewing a classmate to 2004, the province only obtain a bachelor,)
poor primary education, resulting in lower secondary education is poor, then a high school education is poor, the province's entrance into the competition, not a strength ( admitted to a little good and some universities are also basically the county's child)
I am a high school classmate, now a county high school as a teacher, graduating class this year with a third year, years later, to go and his drinking, he said the class 70 (Arts Stream), the school gave him the basic indicators is a bachelor, is over three undergraduate indicators (as long as three points on the line enough), I asked him to estimate admitted to a few, at most, he said for about five or six people.
have the rest of those people? nothing more than repeat, or work outside the home.
married and then go home because it is third year, fourth day on the school, and the fourth day morning, my students have to Let me go to his class on what the students say. Let me look at those who encourage their children.
standing on the podium, facing a group of children, I can not give them that enlightenment, that self-redemption, only give them a better description of the University of life, and encouraged them to go out and see the outside world. say that the pressure of social competition, to be successful, we must strive to learn more.
present in our county, vocational technical training school to open a lot, not only the county, the township has also many. training techniques, nothing less than the sewing, welding and so on. Next, they will enter some coastal factories. in more children and parents view, this is the life the correct path. (in high school, money is not necessarily obtain a university, passed the university is also much good)
I do not believe that college is for them the only way out, but I think After reading the university, no matter what, at least you can recognize their own, and understand some of this society, will not continue to live unexamined.
, of course, here again there is a paradox of the Enlightenment who, what is clear the suffering? pain or sleeper? is time for them to sleep, so one day they wake up naturally, or put them up? wake after that?
day, I drew a pyramid on the blackboard, which I would Seventeen-year-old child said, I do not expect that you can climb to the top of the pyramid, but I do not want you to become the bottom of the pyramid. as long as you can in the middle position on it.
parents sometimes half-angry half-jokingly said that when, not if it will not let you go to school, or, now we also can have grandchildren. You see the village and we are almost on the large, have been holding on the grandchildren.
Hearing this, I'm sorry. because their parents are not talking about their views, but the view is rural and spread.
five rural residents in rural areas, there are many things happen, you really can not imagine The. just as subsistence allowances for Baidu just a moment, see this official news:
by individual application, review appraisal, review, approval and supervision and a series of systems designed to ensure that the public system in the implementation , fair and just. county is responsible for civil affairs departments for approval by the township, village specific acceptance.
apply the basic procedures of rural subsistence allowances by the head of the household to the township (town) government or villagers to apply; village committees to carry out investigation, the organization of democratic appraisal preliminary comments, the township (town) government audit by the county civil affairs departments for approval. township (town) government and county government departments of civil affairs of the applicant to verify the economic situation of families, understand their family income , property, labor conditions and the actual standard of living, combined with comments from the villagers of democracy, made the examination and approval opinions. review the application and acceptance process, require the applicant to provide truthful information about themselves and the family's income and other information, and actively cooperate with the audit approval authorities as required investigation or evaluation, the relevant departments should also review the outcome of their feedback on the reasons for disapproval shall be explained.
in our village, some family of four people, including teenage children, guaranteeing that all enjoy, there are many young adults in the workforce, but also enjoy the minimal needs, and my grandparents are eighty years old this year, but not guaranteeing that. (of course, to our family situation, maintenance Grandpa Grandma is not a problem, but it is, people are really angry.)
father and I said it, it is very indignant, can have minimal needs. a tool to pacify and win over.
guaranteeing nearly thousand dollars a year or so, completely become an additional benefits. that some do not, there should not have had. Whose power, and have a, Who that someone there, someone's gift, and there, someone is a thorn heads, easy to make trouble, there.
I do not have, though, my grandfather, 85, a grandmother of 80.
I write these is not to give lessons, but just wanted to write what I see the situation in rural areas. For my part, did not want to indulge themselves in rural areas to wash faded traces of meaning. no matter who the face, I admitted that I was out in rural areas .
In addition, I is not said to be full into the city to let the farmers (some scholars called the formation of slums in the city's point of view, it is a joke), but you can not sit back and watch the victim of farmers into a modern, then chew some, drained after the youth to become waste.
no one has the power, what valid reason, can legitimately say that farmers should make sacrifices of this country's modernization campaign.
they are born for farmers, not a legitimate reason.
six political issues in rural areas
This is New Year's Eve morning, our village a 70-year-old on our door, saying.
what position he did not even party members are not often keen to participate in Murakami things, such as verification of the accounts of the village committee to the county to visit and so on *.
My father said that the people are now also often write things in the house, I asked both to write what is written?
mm but also what Those truths are chanting.
I do not know whether he had read Marx and Lenin's book, but he often talks about would Marx and spoke plausibly.
to engage in these dog days are back, with Marx's materialist view, this society has changed, and 80%, home, in a village street, a red banner hanging impressively, the entrance to the village in winter, is particularly eye-catching. banner that read: village elections, is to build an important guarantee for rural grassroots democracy.
see such banners, my dumb but funny. democracy, elections, how attractive terms.
came home and asked his father, in the election, when votes of the phenomenon is particularly serious. so who did the above, that is, who did it, who dubbed it as , who wants to join the party secretary of the brigade have to go through customs, the first gift, then that loyalty, therefore, the development of party members, has become a trusted channel for training individuals. at least to ensure that those who join the party will not jeopardize their status. but there are several so-called thorn heads, what can not join the party. which means it can not enter the government, then so frustrating, and can only tinker at the outside. And those in power to arrange a casual count, you can get it.
When we have a bachelor village, in particular, to speak up, and often people go to visit the county and the city on the *, of the problem. He dug ditches at the roadside, a deep pond, summer, a lot of Murakami people go to the pool water to fight pesticides. people gave with that of several brigade cadres not to use the family, this is also called a. Later, he adopted a baby girl abandoned by others. A bachelor to adopt an baby such a thing could have been understandable. but insist that their violation of the village family planning policy, but also to the town's police station to away. do not know whether its been tortured on the inside, out, to become honest more.
, the land issue
our village land per capita is about 4 acres (660 square feet per acre), 95 years time, once the redistribution of land after had never moved, which makes some people marry wife, have a baby, do not have land, but like me, the account had already moved out, but at home there is a land, those who died are also included.
95 years, when moving over land, said 30 years is no longer moving to.
recently, the privatization of land seemingly been proposed to solve rural issues as a recipe, this time to go home, and some people in the village about this matter, they first One response is to: land acquisition. (I told them the land to be privatized, and can be traded freely, they said, that soon was sold to, especially those who did it is not correct.)
, have to return before liberation, and have the landlord of the! house, usually live in the county, only when it is busy twice a year back.
when I was younger, many of our village planted cash crops such as cotton, mint, watermelon, etc., (we had to kind of family over nearly 10 acres of cotton, but also planted nearly ten acres of mint, and three mu of watermelon), but now, all season wheat, soybean season. and save time, fully mechanized operation. (combine employment, directly Food dragged home, and some households received food on the spot, sell complete, with the money and run.) straw in the ground and then burned, then planted one.
Although there is no land sales, but in rural areas can rent land for farming (300 yuan / mu / year), and some people do not want to farm the land, or long years of absence, and will be leased to other types of land.
tell you, last year's sale of land issues. There is a After the highway is under construction in our village (looks like from Xuchang to Suqian), the road to take up farmland, which is divided into two types of surface area, the other is the borrow area (to take subgrade soil pad).
former price is 18,000 yuan / mu, the latter price is 12,500 yuan / mu (the price difference on the grounds that borrow can also be used after the fish pond profit and so on, but I suspect the difference is pocketed by the contractor).
borrow very large area, there are several pieces, one will have 80 acres. (our home land is zoned 4.5 acres) can be sold to , and very happy. People no longer scarce land. only to find it too sold a little, and did not say much.
As the phenomenon of abandoned land, we are not there, because I did not grow, can be contracted to others. tentatively can be counted Privatization of land to do it before the show there is an interesting thing
, on the road land sales. Murakami Tandao some tenants, and some do not.
Tandao's very lucky, Tandao's very frustrating not. So, some people suggested that should the money from land sales equally Murakami out, then re-distribution of land. which is the average ideology? Or is the collective thinking of the residue during the period of what?
This proposal is of course nothing, but the paradox is indeed worthy of reflection.
Farmers and scholars often say that some of the land has now become the shackles of the peasants to become the shackles that hinder modern farmers, some say the land is the last of peasant life security, is to return home after the final resting place. But no matter what the view is one immutable fact: farmers are no longer deeply in love with this land.
Ai Qing said: tears? because I deeply love this land. economic problems, but also a cultural issue. Putting aside the economic determinism of Marx, I think, the cultural issues, it greatly affects the living conditions in rural areas and farmers and form affect the choice of consumer behavior, also affect their life choices.
I have been very confused, rural culture? there is no rural culture, what kind of culture plays a role in the rural areas?
say affects people in Confucian culture, but rural areas, you rarely see a love to see friendly. you can only see the selfishness and greed, stupidity and ignorance, to see just belligerent, and see is infighting. those who made simple kind where farmers go? Who told them to come to this?
fight, fight, adultery such a thing is not uncommon, especially the Spring Festival, because gambling, drinking, or some small resentment, arguing, first, and then is war, then the trouble The badly beaten.
some people drunk, you can around the village, cursing circle, want to scold whoever Mashui, vulgar words. Whose Brothers and more fist hard, and anyone can bully neighbors .
Seventeen-year-old boys, long hair, dyed the color, and also with the earrings. sixteen-year-old girl, ...
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